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- '''Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)''' is a [[syntactic framework]] that was developed around 1980 by [[R ...s.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/vanvalin/rrg.html Official Role and Reference Grammar website]1 KB (170 words) - 20:52, 25 July 2014
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- In [[Functional Grammar]], a '''predicative adjunct''' is a [[secondary predicate]] (e.g. Hengeveld ==Reference==333 bytes (36 words) - 19:04, 27 September 2014
- ...onal Discourse Grammar has gradually come to replace the use of Functional Grammar, although the two coexist quite happily. ...ectural reconception draws particular attention to the interaction between Grammar and surrounding systems.2 KB (240 words) - 15:52, 2 March 2009
- In Quirk et al.'s (1985) influential grammar of English, a '''predeterminer''' is an element preceding the [[determiner] ===Reference===450 bytes (56 words) - 19:13, 20 July 2014
- In more recent versions of [[Role and Reference Grammar]], a '''core argument''' is simply an [[argument]] of the clause, i.e. an e In earlier versions of Role and Reference Grammar, there was also a notion of [[peripheral argument]] (Foley & Van Valin 19841,005 bytes (137 words) - 07:13, 12 September 2007
- In [[Functional Grammar]] (e.g. Dik 1989), the term '''semantic function''' is used for [[semantic === Reference ===423 bytes (49 words) - 19:46, 26 June 2007
- ...and Reference Grammar]], [[Systemic Functional Grammar]] and [[Functional Grammar]] are among its chief representatives. :::*''"RRG may be labelled a "structural-functionalist theory of grammar"; this is intended to situate it on a continuum of perspectives ranging fro2 KB (216 words) - 15:05, 22 January 2009
- ...rect core argument]] (used in more recent versions of [[Role and Reference Grammar]]) In more recent versions of [[Role and Reference Grammar]] (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997), ''core argument'' refers just to an [[argumen1 KB (203 words) - 07:12, 12 September 2007
- ===Reference=== [[Huddleston, Rodney]] & [[Pullum, Geoffrey K.]] (eds.) 2002. ''The Cambridge grammar of the English language.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.480 bytes (62 words) - 12:16, 22 December 2008
- '''Core-grammar''' is that part of the relatively stable (steady) state of the language fac [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Core-grammar&lemmacode=940 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]559 bytes (77 words) - 08:05, 21 May 2008
- In the [[generative grammar]] of the 1960s, the term '''pronominalization''' referred to a [[transforma ===Reference===516 bytes (66 words) - 17:32, 30 January 2009
- ===Reference=== *Halliday, Michael Alexander Kirkwood. 1967. ''Intonation and grammar in British English.'' The Hague: Mouton.601 bytes (75 words) - 19:12, 8 September 2007
- ===Reference=== *Göksel, Asli & Kerslake, Celia. 2005. ''Turkish: A comprehensive grammar.'' London: Routledge.514 bytes (65 words) - 16:39, 30 August 2007
- ...ject]], especially of a nonfinite verb such as an [[infinitive]], gets its reference. In earlier transformational grammar, the term [[equi-NP deletion]] was often used for such constructions, but i983 bytes (126 words) - 10:31, 20 June 2007
- Rehg, Kenneth. 1981. ''Ponapean reference grammar.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.131 bytes (14 words) - 11:58, 20 May 2013
- ===Reference=== *Nichols, Johanna. 1986. "Head-marking and dependent-marking grammar." ''Language'' 62:56-119.714 bytes (73 words) - 12:23, 10 February 2009
- ...afe to say that the nature of syntactic categories is at the very heart of grammar."'' (Croft 1991:36) The term apparently originates in generative grammar of the 1960s, although it is also used by non-generativists such as Croft (1 KB (162 words) - 14:56, 19 September 2007
- ...g (see [[componential analysis]]). They are extensively used in [[Montague Grammar]]. ===Reference===883 bytes (125 words) - 16:26, 6 October 2007
- === Reference=== [[Category:Grammar]]889 bytes (123 words) - 14:38, 2 July 2007
- In Latin grammar, the principal parts of verbs are often taken to be the first person singul ===Reference===822 bytes (104 words) - 09:16, 22 January 2008
- '''RRG''' is a common abbreviation for [[Role and Reference Grammar]].104 bytes (13 words) - 07:10, 12 September 2007
- *[[semantic function]] (Simon Dik's Functional Grammar) === Reference ===1 KB (145 words) - 21:15, 30 June 2007
- # Pidgin-Creoles: Nongrammar --> Grammar ===Reference===1 KB (161 words) - 07:20, 25 January 2008
- ===Reference=== *Göksel, Asli & Kerslake, Celia. 2005. ''Turkish: A comprehensive grammar.'' London: Routledge.805 bytes (114 words) - 15:07, 29 August 2007
- '''Role and Reference Grammar (RRG)''' is a [[syntactic framework]] that was developed around 1980 by [[R ...s.buffalo.edu/people/faculty/vanvalin/rrg.html Official Role and Reference Grammar website]1 KB (170 words) - 20:52, 25 July 2014
- ...and reference. In a strictly [[compositional semantics]] (e.g. [[Montague Grammar]]), there will be a interpretive rule for every syntactic rule. * Chomsky, N. 1972. ''Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar,'' Mouton, The Hague.739 bytes (101 words) - 17:23, 15 February 2009
- ===Reference=== *Lefebvre, Claire. 1998. ''Creole genesis and the acquisition of grammar: The case of Haitian Creole.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.926 bytes (120 words) - 08:55, 17 September 2007
- ===Reference=== *[[Smith, Carlota S.]] 1964. Determiners and relative clauses in a generative grammar of English. ''Language'' 40:37-52.1,018 bytes (107 words) - 00:12, 10 August 2007
- ...classification of Kloss (1969): It refers to modifications in vocabulary, grammar, or writing, and it contrasts with [[status planning]]. ===Reference===648 bytes (88 words) - 16:57, 30 January 2013
- ...uity of a language "entails systematic correspondences in all parts of the grammar because that is what results from normal transmission: what is transferred ===Reference===1 KB (177 words) - 17:09, 29 October 2007
- ...case (or gets [[null case]]). PRO's meaning is determined by [[control (of reference)|control]]. *Vanden Wyngaerd, Guido. 1994. ''PRO-Legomena: Distribution and reference of infinitival subjects.'' Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.791 bytes (108 words) - 10:15, 31 October 2007
- Wackernagel's major work is the ''Altindische Grammatik'', a comprehensive grammar of the Sanskrit language. He is best known among modern linguists and philo ===Reference===1 KB (156 words) - 10:46, 30 October 2007
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]], the '''semantic macroroles''' are the two generalized semantic roles [[a ===Reference===881 bytes (119 words) - 12:41, 26 July 2014
- '''Antecedent''' refers to a element which determines the reference of another element. *[[Reference]]568 bytes (74 words) - 08:46, 6 June 2014
- ...substantial cognate vocabulary, and significant cognate paradigmaticity in grammar. The time depth aimed at is over 5000 years (Indo-European is some 6000 yea ===Reference===1 KB (159 words) - 14:47, 19 September 2007
- ...ectly expressed in its [[surface structure]]. Otherwise the language is '''reference-dominated''' (Foley & Van Valin 1980, 1984). ...le-dominated language is Archi (Nakh-Daghestanian). A typical example of a reference-dominated language is English.742 bytes (96 words) - 20:51, 25 July 2014
- *1948. ''Descriptive Italian grammar.'' Cornell University Press. ===Reference===1 KB (155 words) - 15:22, 10 September 2007
- ...h its meanings diverges considerably. It is a technical term in Relational Grammar, and it may well be that it spread to linguistics from there. ===Reference===1 KB (196 words) - 15:48, 30 August 2007
- ...mework but rather a framework-neutral theory): the body of knowledge about grammar built up over the years by ===Reference===1 KB (220 words) - 15:04, 22 January 2009
- ===Reference=== *[[Otto Jespersen|Jespersen, Otto]]. 1924. ''The philosophy of grammar.'' London: Allen & Unwin.1 KB (196 words) - 07:26, 26 June 2007
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]]'s clause structure representation (the [[layered structure of the clause]408 bytes (58 words) - 07:16, 12 September 2007
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]], the '''actor''' is one of the two [[semantic macrorole]]s (actor and [[u347 bytes (48 words) - 07:25, 12 September 2007
- ....g. in [[Functional Grammar]] (Dik 1978, 1997) and in [[Role and Reference Grammar]] (Van Valin & LaPolla 1997).852 bytes (114 words) - 14:43, 19 September 2007
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]], a '''direct core argument''' is a [[core argument (in RRG)|core argument274 bytes (41 words) - 18:19, 28 June 2014
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]], an '''oblique core argument''' is a [[core argument (in RRG)|core argume273 bytes (40 words) - 16:58, 18 July 2014
- === Reference === *Rosenbaum, Peter S. 1967. ''The grammar of English predicate complement constructions.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.1 KB (161 words) - 18:56, 22 June 2014
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]]'s clause structure representation (the [[layered structure of the clause]322 bytes (47 words) - 18:05, 20 September 2014
- '''Anaphoric epithet''' is a [[R-expression]] whose reference depends anaphorically upon some other element. Lasnik, H. 1989. A Restrictive Theory of Transformational Grammar. ''Theoretical Linguistics 4'', .741 bytes (107 words) - 13:26, 31 January 2008
- In [[Role and Reference Grammar]], the '''undergoer''' is one of the two [[semantic macrorole]]s ([[actor (410 bytes (57 words) - 19:08, 2 August 2014
- ...generative, in particular [[Role and Reference Grammar]] and [[Functional Grammar]].908 bytes (122 words) - 17:22, 29 June 2014
- ...logic studies the logic of time by means of tense operators. In [[Montague Grammar]] an intensional logic is used in which a formal distinction can be made be867 bytes (127 words) - 17:14, 15 February 2009
- ...ls with the grammatical relations in [[Yaqui]] taking [[Role and Reference Grammar]] as a theoretical approach. His work focuses on [[double object constructi ...in the [[functional-typological]] framework. It is also a useful reference grammar contributing especially to the understanding of many aspects of morphosynta5 KB (669 words) - 12:40, 5 October 2007
- ...sts try to describe the mental patterns of language (or the [[internalized grammar]]s) that underlie linguistic behaviour. ===Reference===2 KB (264 words) - 17:09, 30 May 2013
- ...on between extension and intension is close to Frege's distinction between reference (Bedeutung) and sense (Sinn) and is also related to the distinction between2 KB (274 words) - 20:24, 13 February 2009
- : characterizes the meaning of an expression in terms of the notions [[reference]] and [[truth]]. The meaning of a sentence can be described by specifying w ...of word meaning]]. The semantic work which has been done within generative grammar is usually based on a conceptualist theory: [[Katz-Fodor-semantics]], [[Gen3 KB (358 words) - 18:19, 17 February 2009
- The number of speakers is estimated at 400,000 [Reference needed] *Haspelmath, Martin. 1993. ''A grammar of Lezgian.'' Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.1 KB (110 words) - 16:46, 4 February 2013
- ...belonging to a new [[grammatical category]] not present in the respective grammar before. ...ng level are more drastic in so far as a new category is introduced to the grammar of the language.3 KB (419 words) - 17:09, 29 October 2007
- ...meanings, bound morphemes are also found as primary markers of future time reference. Those markers represent an advanced stage of grammaticalization (Dahl 2000 ...are preferred for prediction-based rather than intention-based future time reference. Balkan languages prefer constructions based on the meanings 'want' and 'ha9 KB (1,339 words) - 22:00, 19 September 2009
- '''Denotation and reference'''<br> ...term]] -- [[Individual variable]] -- [[Intension]] -- [[Koreferenz]] -- [[Reference]] -- [[Symbol]]<br>8 KB (928 words) - 09:11, 20 May 2010
- In [[Functional Grammar]] and [[Functional Discourse Grammar]], '''underlying representations''' (URs) are the formalised semantico-prag *[http://www.functionalgrammar.com Functional Grammar website (bibliography)]5 KB (758 words) - 19:08, 2 August 2014
- ...d) and object (modifier), is treated as the core criterion the rest of the grammar will eventually conform to. A change of head-structure in the VP will event *Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963. Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements. In Denning, Keith & Kemmer, Suzanne (e4 KB (698 words) - 17:09, 29 October 2007
- ...lston and Pullum (2002), English has a two-dimensional systems of temporal reference which comprises the categories [[primary tense]] and [[secondary tense]]. [ * Time of orientation (T<sub>o</sub>): reference point, usually time of utterance/ moment of speech4 KB (599 words) - 18:20, 27 March 2011
- *W. Davies & S. Dubinsky, The Grammar of Raising and Control. Ldn. 2004. *R. Ružicka, Control in Grammar and Pragmatics. A Cross-Linguistic Study. Amsterdam 1999.4 KB (488 words) - 10:33, 20 June 2007
- ...ons of conversational give-and-take, with repetitive drills and simplified grammar. ("Look at the ''doggie''! See the ''doggie''? There's a ''doggie''!")"'' ( ::*''"For reference purposes, the language addressed to children is often called ''motherese''2 KB (334 words) - 17:13, 13 July 2014
- *Dik, Simon C. 1997. ''The theory of functional grammar. Part 1. The structure of the clause.'' Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. *Prince, Ellen, 1998. On the limits of syntax, with reference to topicalization and left-dislocation. In: Cullicover, P., McNally, L. (Ed4 KB (481 words) - 11:29, 28 November 2008
- ...ingful unit, is called cohesion and can be subdivided into the categories: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. “Each of these ...the five types can be grouped into grammatical and lexical cohesion, i.e. reference, substitution, and ellipsis, fall under the category of grammatical cohesio22 KB (3,425 words) - 17:49, 26 June 2010
- ...96. Crosslinguistic Influence with Special Reference to the Acquisition of Grammar. In: Jordens, Peter. 1996. ''Investigating Second Language Acquisition''. B4 KB (601 words) - 20:05, 21 October 2009
- This sentence is syntactically ambiguous, because the reference of ''young'' is unclear. There are two possible interpretations of the subj ...mple similar to the first one of structural ambiguity. It is a question of reference and therefore, may either be understood as ''[beautiful girl’s] dress'' o12 KB (1,883 words) - 16:39, 15 June 2014
- * Borik, Olga. 2006. ''Aspect and Reference Time''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.6 KB (819 words) - 09:15, 14 June 2014
- This notation allows crosscategorical reference to sets of categories. EXAMPLE: the two categories that can appear with an [[Category:Generative grammar]]5 KB (726 words) - 18:48, 7 September 2014
- ...fferent with the English Present Perfect and the English Past Tense. Here, reference to definite moments in the past requires the Past Tense. ...96. Crosslinguistic Influence with Special Reference to the Acquisition of Grammar. In: Jordens, Peter. 1996. ''Investigating Second Language Acquisition''. B11 KB (1,477 words) - 06:57, 22 October 2009
- ...“many structuralist accounts” (König 1995: 154) such as the comprehensive grammar by Quirk et al. (1985). This model is often based on the model of Latin grammar and on the assumption that combinatorial tenses such as the last three are26 KB (4,208 words) - 16:34, 27 July 2014
- ...elated events specifying and explaining each other. Although the anaphoric reference pronoun in (3) is a cohesive link, it does not help the reader establish an [[Reference]]<br />16 KB (2,344 words) - 11:49, 20 May 2013
- ...d D. Reibel (eds.), Modern Studies in English: Reading in Transformational Grammar. 264-289. Englewood Cliffs, NY: Prentice-Hall. 1969a. Remarks on the notion of subject with reference to words like also, even, or only. Part 1. Annual Bulletin 3. 111-129. Rese18 KB (2,647 words) - 12:19, 11 July 2021
- ...ypically combines with static situations when it is used with present time reference, and only rarely with dynamic ones. * Declerck, R. (2006). ''The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase, Vol. 1: The Grammar of the English Tense System.'' Topics in English Linguistics 60. Berlin: Mo11 KB (1,554 words) - 19:38, 21 October 2009
- *1964. Review of Robert T. Harms, Estonian Grammar. Word 19.114-26. *1967c. The phonological theory behind Whitney's Sanskrit Grammar. In Languages and Areas, studies presented to George V. Bobrinskoy (Univers31 KB (4,322 words) - 06:06, 8 March 2009
- ...in (P.M. Bertinetto, V. Bianchi, J. Higginbotham, M. Squartini) ''Temporal Reference, Aspect and Actionality: Semantic and Syntactic Perspectives''. Torino, Ros *Lee, D. 1973. ''Stative and case grammar''. Foundations of Language, 8.21 KB (2,913 words) - 17:02, 15 June 2014
