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• Voice (in grammar)
  ...ng the [[semantic role]]s over [[grammatical relation]]s. The prototypical categories are [[active voice]] and [[passive voice]], but a few others have been adde ===Categories===
  883 bytes (102 words) - 18:04, 29 March 2008
• Syntactic category
  ...CATEGORIES. In fact, it would be safe to say that the nature of syntactic categories is at the very heart of grammar."'' (Croft 1991:36) ...ategories]] such as [[noun phrase]] and [[verb phrase]] are also syntactic categories.
  1 KB (162 words) - 14:56, 19 September 2007
• Agree
  ...ctive categories eliminating the uninterpretable features activating these categories.
  361 bytes (43 words) - 16:58, 20 September 2014
• Mood
  ...[[verb]]s (mood, [[tense]], [[aspect]], and [[modality]]). The most common categories are associated with the way sentences are used: [[indicative]] (statement),
  605 bytes (82 words) - 19:07, 17 February 2009
• Morphosyntactic category
  ...e refer to the intersecting categories of the word...as '''morphosyntactic categories''' specifically."'' (Matthews 1974:66)
  1 KB (144 words) - 10:37, 20 June 2007
• Dimension
  ...exclusive'''. For instance, the English present and past tenses [...] are categories of the dimension 'tense'."'' (Haspelmath 2002:61)
  666 bytes (86 words) - 18:17, 28 June 2014
• Empty category
  ...hey are base-generated, viz. [[pro]] and [[PRO]]. Different types of empty categories behave differently with respect to the [[Empty category principle]] and [[b
  1 KB (149 words) - 16:49, 13 February 2009
• Category (system)
  ...e refer to the intersecting categories of the word...as '''morphosyntactic categories''' specifically."'' (Matthews 1974:66)
  1 KB (172 words) - 23:06, 28 June 2007
• Mixed category
  properties of two distinct categories, such as noun and verb, while being headed by a single word. Lefebvre, Claire & Muysken, Pieter 1988. ''Mixed categories: nominalizations in Quechua.'' Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  408 bytes (52 words) - 16:18, 13 July 2014
• Person
  ===Inflectional categories=== The term ''person'' and the names for the three main categories (first, second, third) go back to the ancient Greek grammarians.
  1 KB (167 words) - 19:37, 5 January 2008
• Lexical category
  ...as [[adposition]]s, [[subordinator]]s, [[adverb]]s, etc., whereas lexical categories only comprise nouns, verbs and adjectives. Thus, ''lexical category'' is of Baker, Mark. 2003. ''Lexical categories: nouns, verbs and adjectives.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  1 KB (136 words) - 18:18, 12 July 2014
• Covert category
  C]overt categories in English are e.g. [[mass noun|mass]] vs. [[count noun]], [[animacy]], [[s ...her languages as well, if we have the subtlety it takes to discover covert categories."'' (Fillmore 1968:3)
  1 KB (176 words) - 14:37, 2 July 2007
• Empty Category Principle
  ...-bound traces (i.e. NP-traces and variables), but not for pronominal empty categories like [[pro]] and [[PRO]].
  2 KB (225 words) - 16:48, 13 February 2009
• Portal:Tense and aspect
  == '''<div style="font-size:80%;">Temporal categories</div>''' == == '''<div style="font-size:80%;">Aspectual categories</div>''' ==
  3 KB (318 words) - 18:17, 21 October 2009
• Functional projection
  ...whether there is a limit to the number of [[functional category|functional categories]]. It seems reasonable to assume that their projection is in some sense par * Ouhalla, J. 1990. ''Functional categories and parametric variation,'' diss. UCL.
  1 KB (148 words) - 13:17, 14 February 2009
• Gamma-marking
  ...ng in a non-argument position it is assumed to take place at [[LF]]. Empty categories that are not properly governed receive the feature [-gamma] by default. In
  921 bytes (131 words) - 22:31, 15 February 2009
• Number
  ===Inflectional categories===
  1 KB (152 words) - 16:52, 18 July 2014
• Silverstein 1976
  ...ierarchy of features and ergativity. In: Dixon, R.M.W. (ed.) ''Grammatical categories in Australian languages.'' New Jersey: Humanities Press, 112-171.<noinclude
  392 bytes (48 words) - 09:54, 20 March 2008
• Category-system
  A '''category-system''' is a set of inflectional categories that have closely related meanings or functions and that generally do not c ...m for category-systems. Most linguists seem to call them simply [[category|categories]]. However, this term is also used for the individual "subcategories" (such
  1 KB (155 words) - 17:17, 3 February 2008
• GOLD
  ...r descriptive linguistics. It gives a formalized account of the most basic categories and relations used in the scientific description of human language.
  364 bytes (45 words) - 16:13, 6 May 2008
• X-bar schema
  ...tion that all major syntactic categories N, V, A, P, as well as functional categories such as I(NFL) and C(OMP) essentially project the same structure:
  824 bytes (132 words) - 18:47, 7 September 2014
• Auxiliary verb
  ...ategories, but also not infrequently temporal, negative polarity, or voice categories."'' (Anderson 2006:4-5)
  3 KB (361 words) - 15:51, 11 February 2009
• Funktionale Kategorie
  *Benmamoun, E. 2000. ''The Feature Structure of Functional Categories. A Comparative Study of Arabic Dialects.'' Oxford. *Borsley, R.(Hg.)2000.'' The Nature and Function of Syntactic Categories.'' New York.
  4 KB (522 words) - 18:16, 11 July 2007
• Proper government
  ...that are usually considered proper governors for a category [[alpha]], are categories that are coindexed with alpha (see [[antecedent government]]) and [[head]]s
  1 KB (179 words) - 19:12, 27 September 2014
• Domain (Syntax)
  ...of X (a head) is the set of nodes UP, ZP, WP, YP, and H and whatever these categories dominate. XP₁, XP₂, X', X₁ and X<sub>2</su
  1 KB (160 words) - 21:04, 12 February 2009
• Gram
  *[[Bybee, Joan L.]] 1986. On the nature of grammatical categories: a diachronic perspective. ''Eastern States Conference on Linguistics'' 2:
  506 bytes (65 words) - 14:49, 16 September 2008
• Major category
  ...''major category''' used to be used for the [[syntactic category|syntactic categories]] noun, verb and adjective (Chomsky 1965, 1973). Currently, the term [[lexi
  637 bytes (82 words) - 18:16, 17 February 2009
• Minimal residue
  In (i), the residue of X is ZP, UP, WP, H and whatever these categories dominate. The minimal residue of X is just {ZP, UP, WP, H}. The minimal res
  1 KB (147 words) - 18:31, 17 February 2009
• 2AFC discrimination
  ...rced choice discrimination''. The possible stimuli S1 and S2 come from two categories. Both alternatives are presented on every trial. The subjects' response ind
  517 bytes (72 words) - 08:53, 14 June 2014
• Tone language
  ...languages use tonal contrasts to distinguish word meanings or grammatical categories (such as tense).
  548 bytes (75 words) - 18:51, 29 August 2014
• Substantive universal
  ...the distinctive features of phonology, as listed in Chomsky & Halle 1968), categories (such as noun, verb, adjective, as in Baker 2003), or even rules (such as [
  652 bytes (83 words) - 15:32, 30 July 2007
• Path Containment Condition
  * Pesetsky, D. 1982. ''Paths and categories,'' diss. MIT.
  1 KB (210 words) - 16:51, 19 February 2009
• Prototypenkonzept
  *[[Rosch, Eleanor]]. 1973. Natural Categories. ''Cognitive Psychology 4/73'', 328-350.
  720 bytes (77 words) - 14:39, 18 December 2007
• X-bar theory
  ..., V, P, the so-called lexical categories (see [[lexical category]]). These categories can be characterized as follows in terms of the features [±N] (substanti ...gories. The X-bar system can be extended to clausal structures. Functional categories like I ( [[INFL]]) and C ( [[COMP]]) are also considered to be values of X.
  5 KB (726 words) - 18:48, 7 September 2014
• Cross-categorial operators
  The examples show some of the categories that ''and'' can occur with.
  936 bytes (132 words) - 15:26, 22 May 2008
• Auxiliation
  *[[Émile Benveniste|Benveniste, Émile]]. 1968. "Mutations of linguistic categories." In: Lehmann, Winfred P. & Malkiel, Yakov (eds.) ''Directions for historic
  740 bytes (96 words) - 06:32, 25 June 2007
• S-selection
  * Ouhalla, J. 1990. ''Functional categories and parametric variation,'' diss. UCL. * Pesetsky, D. 1982. ''Paths and categories,'' diss. MIT.
  2 KB (234 words) - 15:15, 5 October 2014
• Specifier-head agreement
  ...spec-head agreement has been extended to [[functional category|functional categories]] other than IP.
  572 bytes (73 words) - 08:05, 4 November 2014
• Connectedness
  *Pesetsky, D. 1982. Paths and categories. Diss. MIT.
  1 KB (158 words) - 20:00, 9 May 2008
• Complementarity
  ...e, '''complementarity''' is a relationship between two sets (or [[category|categories]], classes) that do not overlap, i.e. they have no element in common. In li
  595 bytes (92 words) - 18:55, 22 June 2014
• Coordinate Structure Constraint
  *Pesetsky, D. 1982. ''Paths and categories.'' Diss. MIT.
  1 KB (172 words) - 17:54, 18 May 2008
• Absolute-relative tense
  Absolute-relative tenses are temporal categories that locate a situation both the some other situation (or [[topic time]]) a
  569 bytes (75 words) - 09:00, 14 June 2014
• ID/LP rules
  ...which ''X'' dominates the other categories, no matter in which order these categories appear. An LP-rule restrains the set of local trees licenced by an ID-rule:
  2 KB (278 words) - 20:45, 3 July 2014
• Adverb
  ...that adverbs form a distinct category, ADV, because - unlike the [[lexical categories]] - they do not project a [[phrase]] in the sense of [[X-bar-theory]]. Sinc
  747 bytes (106 words) - 08:00, 1 February 2010
• AGR
  *Ouhalla, J. 1990. Functional categories and parametric variation. Diss. UCL.
  733 bytes (91 words) - 17:24, 12 June 2014
• Word class
  (other categories of lexemes that are sometimes regarded as word classes:)
  1 KB (121 words) - 07:22, 26 June 2007
• Control Theory
  *Bouchard, D. 1984. On the content of empty categories. Dordrecht: Foris.
  1 KB (206 words) - 13:40, 18 May 2008
• Residue
  In (i), the residue of X is ZP, UP, WP, H and whatever these categories dominate.
  785 bytes (98 words) - 17:44, 28 September 2014
• Tense
  ==Classification of temporal categories== ...after (perfect) and before (prospective). Accordingly, twelve tense-aspect categories can be distinguished:
  6 KB (863 words) - 20:49, 23 May 2010
• Reichenbach's (1947) theory of tense
  ...e reference point R relative to the time of the event E corresponds to the categories ‘anterior’ (E-R), ‘posterior’ (R-E) and ‘simple’ (E,R; cf. Reic
  2 KB (368 words) - 06:42, 22 April 2014
• Grammaticalization
  * Kurylowicz, Jerzy. (1965) "The evolution of grammatical categories". ''Diogenes'' 51:55-71. (Reprinted in: ''Esquisses linguistiques II.'' Mun
  1 KB (164 words) - 16:10, 8 January 2009
• Metarules
  ''W'' is a variable ranging over a multiset of categories.
  1 KB (200 words) - 10:00, 14 February 2008
• Innere Sprachform
  *G. Lakoff, Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal about the Mind. Chicago 1987.
  1 KB (179 words) - 07:35, 8 October 2007
• Small clause
  * Stowell, T. 1983. ''Subjects across Categories,'' The Linguistic Review 2, .
  867 bytes (137 words) - 07:44, 3 November 2014
• Back-formation
  *Marchand, H. 1969. ''The Categories and Types of Present-day English Word-Formation''. München: Beck.
  1 KB (195 words) - 14:46, 3 March 2008
• Aspect
  ==Aspectual categories==
  4 KB (579 words) - 02:29, 15 January 2019
• Leerkategorienprinzip
  *– Ders. Empty Categories, Null-Subjects and Null-Objects and How to Treat them in the Minimalist Pro
  1 KB (182 words) - 18:52, 16 March 2008
• Word-based morphology
  ...ord. Both the new word and the existing one are members of major [[lexical categories]]. This hypothesis entails the claim that [[English]] words such as ''decei
  999 bytes (135 words) - 18:45, 7 September 2014
• Word Structure Autonomy Condition
  ...(1982) which says that no deletion or movement transformation may involve categories of both W(ord)-structure and S(entence)-structure. This condition rules out
  1 KB (140 words) - 18:35, 7 September 2014
• Categorical perception
  ...guage. The listeners learns to be sensitive to differences between phoneme categories and, at the same time, to be less sensitive to differences within a [[phone
  1 KB (170 words) - 00:18, 25 July 2010
• Word syntax
  ...ection in S(sentence)-structure. Furthermore, she proposes the lower-level categories Root and Affix. Affixation rules take the form in (i) and compound rules th
  917 bytes (152 words) - 18:45, 7 September 2014
• Cognitive dome
  categories are highly relevant to syntax; (2) semological structure is largely organiz hierarchical system of categories, and this categorical structure, along with the thinking that
  3 KB (516 words) - 04:58, 17 April 2018
• Adjektivphrase
  *N. Harada, Interactions between Functional and Lexical Categories: Are Adjectives 'Verbal' or Are Verbs 'Adjectival'? In: Proceedings of IACL
  2 KB (205 words) - 21:48, 4 August 2007
• C-command
  ...nt)-command. Other proposals restrict X to [[lexical categories]], [[major categories]]. The notion c-command plays a role in the definitions of [[government]],
  4 KB (577 words) - 17:28, 21 June 2014
• Subcategorization
  ...ssed. Subcategorization of heads (in particular V) in terms of the phrasal categories (NP, PP, etc.) which they select as a [[complement]]. Sometimes strict subc
  1 KB (180 words) - 06:57, 16 August 2014
• Appositive noun phrase
  *Jelinek, Eloise. 1984. Empty categories, case, and configurationality. ''Natural Language and Linguistic Theory'' 2
  2 KB (252 words) - 23:05, 24 June 2007
• Conversion
  *Marchand, H. 1969. ''The Categories and Types of Present-day English Word-Formation.'' München: Beck.
  2 KB (245 words) - 17:32, 18 May 2008
• Parasitic gap
  * Kearney, K. 1983. ''Governing Categories,'' Ms.U. of Connecticut, Storrs.
  2 KB (336 words) - 11:52, 19 February 2009
• Phrase structure rules
  ...to the left of the arrow in rules of this type, or non-phrasal (terminal) categories (such as [[Noun]], [[Verb]], or [[Determiner]]).
  3 KB (514 words) - 20:58, 19 February 2009
• Morpheme-based morphology
  ...word. Both the new word and the existing one are members of major lexical categories.
  2 KB (301 words) - 19:12, 17 February 2009
• Sentential subject constraint
  and is meant to capture the fact that categories cannot be moved out of a sentential subject.
  1 KB (200 words) - 18:56, 28 October 2014
• Portal:List of portals
  ...main article of the subject by introducing the reader to key articles and categories that further describe the subject. Portals also help editors find related p
  2 KB (230 words) - 07:53, 23 September 2011
• That-trace effect
  * Pesetsky, D. 1982. ''Paths and categories,'' diss. MIT.
  2 KB (245 words) - 08:54, 17 August 2014
• Kasusphrase
  *J. Emonds, A Unified Theory of Syntactic Categories. Dordrecht 1985.
  2 KB (280 words) - 14:40, 10 October 2007
• Article
  ...ic article they form a natural continuum making it hard to define discrete categories. Articles are more grammaticalized, i.e. are often obligatory in certain co
  2 KB (263 words) - 17:03, 20 September 2014
• Prototyp
  *[[Rosch, Eleanor]]. 1973. Natural Categories. ''Cognitive Psychology 4/73'', 328-350.
  2 KB (281 words) - 14:39, 18 December 2007
• Truncation
  where X and Y are major lexical categories,
  2 KB (265 words) - 08:03, 30 August 2014
• Converb
  categories . 110-115. Oxford : Elsevier. categories: Papers presented to Vladimir Nedjalkov on the occasion of his 70th birthda
  4 KB (534 words) - 23:17, 7 August 2009
• Infinitive
  ...is crucially not specified for [[person]], [[number]] and [[mood]]. Other categories which may or may not be absent include [[tense]], [[aspect]] and [[voice]].
  3 KB (339 words) - 19:35, 5 January 2008
• Index old
  ...is crucially not specified for [[person]], [[number]] and [[mood]]. Other categories which may or may not be absent include [[tense]], [[aspect]] and [[voice]].
  3 KB (356 words) - 17:01, 15 February 2009
• INFL (de)
  *H. Thrainsson, On the (Non-)Universality of Functional Categories. In: W. Abraham et al. (Hg.), Minimal Ideas: Syntactic Studies in the Minim
  3 KB (383 words) - 16:05, 15 February 2009
• Construction (in neurocognitive linguistics)
  ...ariable constituent|variable constituents]] are commonly called "syntactic categories".
  2 KB (325 words) - 06:20, 2 December 2017
• Sonority hierarchy
  * Selkirk, E.O. 1980. "The Role of Prosodic Categories in English Word Stress", ''Linguistic Inquiry'' 11, pp. 563-605
  2 KB (336 words) - 21:10, 13 April 2009
• Pro-Drop-Parameter
  *E. Jelinek, Empty Categories, Case, and Configurationality. NLLT 1984/2, 39–76.
  3 KB (401 words) - 16:58, 2 November 2007
• Meaning
  ...nifests itself in areas of grammar such as [[argument structure]], [[TAM]] categories, etc.
  3 KB (375 words) - 13:18, 13 July 2014
• Gricean maxims
  ...as an elaboration of his [[Cooperative Principle]]. He distinguished four categories, with several submaxims (Grice 1975):
  2 KB (337 words) - 12:44, 13 July 2014
• Kasustheorie
  *E. Haeberli, Features, Categories and the Syntax of A-Positions. Dordrecht 2002.
  4 KB (437 words) - 16:19, 15 October 2007
• Focal Colors
  ...rs. Thus, “whenever we speak of colour categories, we refer to the foci of categories rather than to their boundaries or total area, except when specifically sta ...uch informants could get a controlled input stimuli for learning new color categories. Therefore, she worked with pre-school children and speakers of the Dugum D
  14 KB (2,063 words) - 14:53, 20 May 2013
• Borrowing (i.e. copying)
  ...d grammatical patterns of a language can in this way be separated into two categories: '''native elements''', which we can take back to the earliest known stage
  3 KB (454 words) - 17:05, 9 September 2009
• Kontrolle
  *S. Featherston, Empty Categories in Sentence Processing. Amsterdam 2001.
  4 KB (488 words) - 10:33, 20 June 2007
• Case
  ...lationship between the noun phrases and other elements in the clause. Case categories are marked by [[affix]]es or occasionally by other morphological means (suc
  3 KB (424 words) - 17:41, 21 June 2014
• Huddleston and Pullum's (2002) analysis of tense
  ...sh has a two-dimensional systems of temporal reference which comprises the categories [[primary tense]] and [[secondary tense]]. [[Primary tense]]s express the d
  4 KB (599 words) - 18:20, 27 March 2011
• Konjunktionsphrase
  *– Ders. et al., Coordination or How to Distinguish Categories. NLLT 1985/3, 117–171.
  5 KB (581 words) - 16:22, 15 October 2007
• Kopf
  *J. Beavers, More Heads and Less Categories: a New Look at Noun Phrase Structure. S. Müller (Hg.), Proceedings of the ...ed Projections. In: R. Borsley (Hg.), The Nature and Function of Syntactic Categories. San Diego 2000, 101–131.
  9 KB (1,251 words) - 12:54, 9 August 2014
• Feature
  ...matical features. The lexical features '±' and '±' define the four lexical categories (N=[+N,-V]; V=[-N,+V]; A=[+N,+V]; P=[-N,-V]; see also [[X-bar theory]]). Am
  4 KB (612 words) - 19:54, 24 July 2010
• Profile (in Cognitive Grammar)
  Langacker claims (e.g. 2007:438-441) that the most basic grammatical categories (including [[noun]] and [[verb]] and their major subclasses, along with [[a
  7 KB (1,056 words) - 17:16, 27 May 2008
• Cohesion
  ..., substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. “Each of these categories is represented in the text by particular features – repetitions, omission ...n which is only realized by vocabulary and can be further divided into the categories [[reiteration]] and [[collocation]].
  22 KB (3,425 words) - 17:49, 26 June 2010
• Franz Boas
  ...prevailing views that automatically assumed tight correlations among these categories and which placed the white race, and in particular northern European cultur
  7 KB (1,043 words) - 11:32, 2 December 2007
• Aktionsart
  ...Aspect, Tense and Action: Towards a Theory of the Semantics of Grammatical Categories''. Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
  6 KB (819 words) - 09:15, 14 June 2014
• Antipassiv
  ...hy of Features and Ergativity''. In: Dixon, Robert M.W. (ed.). Grammatical Categories in Australian Languages. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studi
  10 KB (1,308 words) - 02:05, 6 August 2007

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