http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Spectrogram&feed=atom&action=historySpectrogram - Revision history2024-03-28T16:52:24ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.34.2http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Spectrogram&diff=16973&oldid=prevNBlöcher: Edited the format, removed the block {{cats}}2014-11-04T08:14:07Z<p>Edited the format, removed the block {{cats}}</p>
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<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Definition==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A [[spectrogram]] is a graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A [[spectrogram]] is a graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>==Subtypes<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Subtypes==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Narrowband spectrogram]]s are marked by the more or less narrow horizontal bands which represent the harmonics of the glottal source. The darker bands represent the harmonics that are closest to peaks of resonance in the [[vocal tract]]. The lighter bands represent harmonics whose frequencies are further away from the resonance peaks. The [[bandwidth]] of the filter used to generate narrowband spectrograms is usually between 30 and 50 Hz. As the fundamental frequency is unlikely to be lower than 50 Hz, a filter with that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms have traditionally been used for making measurements of [[fundamental frequency]] and [[intonation]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Narrowband spectrogram]]s are marked by the more or less narrow horizontal bands which represent the harmonics of the glottal source. The darker bands represent the harmonics that are closest to peaks of resonance in the [[vocal tract]]. The lighter bands represent harmonics whose frequencies are further away from the resonance peaks. The [[bandwidth]] of the filter used to generate narrowband spectrograms is usually between 30 and 50 Hz. As the fundamental frequency is unlikely to be lower than 50 Hz, a filter with that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms have traditionally been used for making measurements of [[fundamental frequency]] and [[intonation]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Wideband spectrogram]]s are marked by the relatively broad bands of energy that depict the [[formant]]s. The centre of each band of energy is taken to be the frequency of the formant, and the range of frequencies occupied by the band is taken to be the bandwidth of the formant. The relative degree of darkness of a band of energy can be used as a rough estimate of the intensity of the signal, and the relatively large horizontal blank spaces between the formants represent troughs (antiformants) in the resonance curve of the vocal tract. Information about the timing of changes in vocal tract resonance is more reliably obtained from wideband spectrograms. Unlike a narrowband spectrogram, a wideband display will effectively represent an aperiodic source that is being resonanted in the vocal tract. The bandwidth of a filter used to generate a wideband spectrogram is generally between 300 and 500 Hz. A filter with such a relatively wide bandwidth will respond in the same way to one, two, three or even more harmonics that fall within its range: the filter will not resolve the energy within its bandwidth into individual harmonics.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Wideband spectrogram]]s are marked by the relatively broad bands of energy that depict the [[formant]]s. The centre of each band of energy is taken to be the frequency of the formant, and the range of frequencies occupied by the band is taken to be the bandwidth of the formant. The relative degree of darkness of a band of energy can be used as a rough estimate of the intensity of the signal, and the relatively large horizontal blank spaces between the formants represent troughs (antiformants) in the resonance curve of the vocal tract. Information about the timing of changes in vocal tract resonance is more reliably obtained from wideband spectrograms. Unlike a narrowband spectrogram, a wideband display will effectively represent an aperiodic source that is being resonanted in the vocal tract. The bandwidth of a filter used to generate a wideband spectrogram is generally between 300 and 500 Hz. A filter with such a relatively wide bandwidth will respond in the same way to one, two, three or even more harmonics that fall within its range: the filter will not resolve the energy within its bandwidth into individual harmonics.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del>== Links ==<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">=</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Links ==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Spectrogram&lemmacode=1298 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Spectrogram&lemmacode=1298 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ling.lu.se/research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html Spectrograms]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ling.lu.se/research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html Spectrograms]</div></td></tr>
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</table>NBlöcherhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Spectrogram&diff=8839&oldid=prevHaspelmath at 17:54, 26 February 20092009-02-26T17:54:50Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A [[spectrogram]] is a graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A [[spectrogram]] is a graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
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</table>Haspelmathhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Spectrogram&diff=8828&oldid=prevHaspelmath at 19:11, 23 February 20092009-02-23T19:11:19Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:11, 23 February 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{cats}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{cats}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>A <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[spectrogram]] is a </ins>graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Subtypes===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Subtypes===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</del>Narrowband<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' spectrograms </del>are marked by the more or less narrow horizontal bands which represent the harmonics of the glottal source. The darker bands represent the harmonics that are closest to peaks of resonance in the [[vocal tract]]. The lighter bands represent harmonics whose frequencies are further away from the resonance peaks. The [[bandwidth]] of the filter used to generate narrowband spectrograms is usually between 30 and 50 Hz. As the fundamental frequency is unlikely to be lower than 50 Hz, a filter with that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms have traditionally been used for making measurements of [[fundamental frequency]] and [[intonation]]. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Narrowband <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">spectrogram]]s </ins>are marked by the more or less narrow horizontal bands which represent the harmonics of the glottal source. The darker bands represent the harmonics that are closest to peaks of resonance in the [[vocal tract]]. The lighter bands represent harmonics whose frequencies are further away from the resonance peaks. The [[bandwidth]] of the filter used to generate narrowband spectrograms is usually between 30 and 50 Hz. As the fundamental frequency is unlikely to be lower than 50 Hz, a filter with that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms have traditionally been used for making measurements of [[fundamental frequency]] and [[intonation]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'''</del>Wideband<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''' spectrograms </del>are marked by the relatively broad bands of energy that depict the [[formant]]s. The centre of each band of energy is taken to be the frequency of the formant, and the range of frequencies occupied by the band is taken to be the bandwidth of the formant. The relative degree of darkness of a band of energy can be used as a rough estimate of the intensity of the signal, and the relatively large horizontal blank spaces between the formants represent troughs (antiformants) in the resonance curve of the vocal tract. Information about the timing of changes in vocal tract resonance is more reliably obtained from wideband spectrograms. Unlike a narrowband spectrogram, a wideband display will effectively represent an aperiodic source that is being resonanted in the vocal tract. The bandwidth of a filter used to generate a wideband spectrogram is generally between 300 and 500 Hz. A filter with such a relatively wide bandwidth will respond in the same way to one, two, three or even more harmonics that fall within its range: the filter will not resolve the energy within its bandwidth into individual harmonics.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Wideband <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">spectrogram]]s </ins>are marked by the relatively broad bands of energy that depict the [[formant]]s. The centre of each band of energy is taken to be the frequency of the formant, and the range of frequencies occupied by the band is taken to be the bandwidth of the formant. The relative degree of darkness of a band of energy can be used as a rough estimate of the intensity of the signal, and the relatively large horizontal blank spaces between the formants represent troughs (antiformants) in the resonance curve of the vocal tract. Information about the timing of changes in vocal tract resonance is more reliably obtained from wideband spectrograms. Unlike a narrowband spectrogram, a wideband display will effectively represent an aperiodic source that is being resonanted in the vocal tract. The bandwidth of a filter used to generate a wideband spectrogram is generally between 300 and 500 Hz. A filter with such a relatively wide bandwidth will respond in the same way to one, two, three or even more harmonics that fall within its range: the filter will not resolve the energy within its bandwidth into individual harmonics.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Links ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Links ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l14" >Line 14:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ling.lu.se/research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html Spectrograms]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://www.ling.lu.se/research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html Spectrograms]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram_reading.html A tutorial on spectrogram reading]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram_reading.html A tutorial on spectrogram reading]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">===Other languages===</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">German [[Spektrogramm]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{dc}}</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{dc}}</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Phonetics]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Phonetics]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Haspelmathhttp://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Spectrogram&diff=8796&oldid=prevWohlgemuth: utrecht!2009-02-21T20:48:18Z<p>utrecht!</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{cats}}<br />
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A graphic representation of the components ([[harmonics]] or [[formant]]s) of a [[sound]] as they vary in [[frequency]] and [[intensity]] over time. Frequency is shown on the vertical axis; time is shown on the horizontal axis, and intensity as relative darkness of the image. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Subtypes===<br />
'''Narrowband''' spectrograms are marked by the more or less narrow horizontal bands which represent the harmonics of the glottal source. The darker bands represent the harmonics that are closest to peaks of resonance in the [[vocal tract]]. The lighter bands represent harmonics whose frequencies are further away from the resonance peaks. The [[bandwidth]] of the filter used to generate narrowband spectrograms is usually between 30 and 50 Hz. As the fundamental frequency is unlikely to be lower than 50 Hz, a filter with that bandwidth will respond to and capture each harmonic separately as it scans through the frequencies in the speech signal. Narrowband spectrograms have traditionally been used for making measurements of [[fundamental frequency]] and [[intonation]]. <br />
<br />
'''Wideband''' spectrograms are marked by the relatively broad bands of energy that depict the [[formant]]s. The centre of each band of energy is taken to be the frequency of the formant, and the range of frequencies occupied by the band is taken to be the bandwidth of the formant. The relative degree of darkness of a band of energy can be used as a rough estimate of the intensity of the signal, and the relatively large horizontal blank spaces between the formants represent troughs (antiformants) in the resonance curve of the vocal tract. Information about the timing of changes in vocal tract resonance is more reliably obtained from wideband spectrograms. Unlike a narrowband spectrogram, a wideband display will effectively represent an aperiodic source that is being resonanted in the vocal tract. The bandwidth of a filter used to generate a wideband spectrogram is generally between 300 and 500 Hz. A filter with such a relatively wide bandwidth will respond in the same way to one, two, three or even more harmonics that fall within its range: the filter will not resolve the energy within its bandwidth into individual harmonics.<br />
<br />
=== Links ===<br />
<br />
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Spectrogram&lemmacode=1298 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] <br />
* [http://www.ling.lu.se/research/speechtutorial/tutorial.html Spectrograms]<br />
* [http://cslu.cse.ogi.edu/tutordemos/SpectrogramReading/spectrogram_reading.html A tutorial on spectrogram reading]<br />
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{{dc}}<br />
[[Category:Phonetics]]</div>Wohlgemuth