Difference between revisions of "Maxim of manner"

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* M-Principle
 
* M-Principle
  
===Link===
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===Links===
[http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
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* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/Uil-OTS/Lexicon/ Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
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* Brown.edu Grice’s Conversational Maxims. 26 Jul 2009 <http://www.cog.brown.edu/courses/cg45/lecture%20slides/Gricean%20Maxims.pdf>
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* [http://books.google.de/books?id=LSJbj_GQBcoC&pg=PA221&lpg=PA221&dq=maxim+of+manner+horn&source=bl&ots=wBmVtbukZu&sig=Jg2R5iqZd03BnspEw4yxLp9YduY&hl=de&ei=LwDCSs_5LseG4Qbl_5WLCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#v=onepage&q=maxim%20of%20manner%20horn&f=false books.Google.de Horn - Maxim of Manner. Semantics and Pragmatics: Meaning in Language and Discourse. 29 Sept 2009]
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* [http://books.google.de/books?id=lW36ropcz9wC&pg=PA128&lpg=PA128&dq=levinson+2000+Q,+I+M+principle&source=bl&ots=LHnUY1CQGw&sig=ldNNT5xlwPMRiaFRUIyxIh7FWTY&hl=de&ei=vwbCSq2XAZSw4QatsZSLCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=levinson%202000%20Q%2C%20I%20M%20principle&f=false books.Google.de Levinson 2000 - Q,I,M Principle. Zitat und Bedeutung. 29 Sept 2009]
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===References===
 
===References===
* Atlas, J. and S. Levinson (1981) It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form, In: P. Cole ed., Radical Pragmatics, 1-61, New York: Academic Press
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* Atlas, J. and S. Levinson (1981) It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form, In: P. Cole ed., Radical Pragmatics, 1-61, New York: Academic Press.
 
* Horn, Lawrence. (1984) Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature, In: D. Schiffrin ed., Meaning, Form and Use in Context (GURT '84), 11-42, Washington: Georgetown University Press.
 
* Horn, Lawrence. (1984) Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature, In: D. Schiffrin ed., Meaning, Form and Use in Context (GURT '84), 11-42, Washington: Georgetown University Press.
* Levinson, S. 2000. ''Presumptive Meanings: The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  
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* Grice, H.P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In: P. Cole and J.L. Morgan (eds.), ''Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts'', 41-58. New York: Academic Press.
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* Leech, G. (1983/1995). ''Principle of Pragmatics''. 9th edition. London: Longman.
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* Levinson, S. (2000). ''Presumptive Meanings The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature''. Cambridge: MIT Press.
 
* Sperber, D. and D. Wilson (1986) ''Relevance: Communication and Cognition'', Oxford: Blackwell.
 
* Sperber, D. and D. Wilson (1986) ''Relevance: Communication and Cognition'', Oxford: Blackwell.
  
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[[Category:Semantics]]
 
[[Category:Semantics]]
 
[[Category:Pragmatics]]
 
[[Category:Pragmatics]]

Revision as of 18:41, 4 February 2010

The maxim of manner is one of the Gricean conversational maxims which constitute the Cooperative Principle. It makes the following requirements:

  • ‘Be perspicuous’
    • Avoid obscurity of expression.
    • Avoid ambiguity.
    • Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).
    • Be orderly.

The maxim of manner thus relates "not [...] to what is said but, rather, to HOW what is said to be said [...]" (Grice 1975: 46).

An elaboration of the Gricean maxim of manner was proposed by Leech (1983: 100), who distinguishes two kinds of clarity: "One kind consists in making unambiguous use of syntax and phonology of the language in order to construct a clear text. Another type [...] consists in framing a clear message, ie a message which is perspicuous or intelligible in the sense of conveying the intended illocutionary goal to the addressee."

Examples

  • A: I hear you went to the opera last night; how was the lead singer?
  • B: The singer produced a series of sounds corresponding closely to the score of an aria from 'Rigoletto'. (Levinson 1983: ***)

B flouts the maxim of manner, as the sentence is unnecessarily prolix.

See also

  • M-Principle

Links


References

  • Atlas, J. and S. Levinson (1981) It-clefts, informativeness, and logical form, In: P. Cole ed., Radical Pragmatics, 1-61, New York: Academic Press.
  • Horn, Lawrence. (1984) Toward a new taxonomy for pragmatic inference: Q-based and R-based implicature, In: D. Schiffrin ed., Meaning, Form and Use in Context (GURT '84), 11-42, Washington: Georgetown University Press.
  • Grice, H.P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In: P. Cole and J.L. Morgan (eds.), Syntax and Semantics 3: Speech Acts, 41-58. New York: Academic Press.
  • Leech, G. (1983/1995). Principle of Pragmatics. 9th edition. London: Longman.
  • Levinson, S. (2000). Presumptive Meanings – The Theory of Generalized Conversational Implicature. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Sperber, D. and D. Wilson (1986) Relevance: Communication and Cognition, Oxford: Blackwell.