Difference between revisions of "Empty Category Principle"

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'''Empty Category Principle''' (brief: ECP) is a principle which requires that [[empty category|empty categories]] be [[properly governed]]. It is assumed that the ECP does not hold of all empty categories: it holds for A- and A'-bound traces (i.e. NP-traces and variables), but not for pronominal empty categories like [[pro]] and [[PRO]].
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Well-known examples of ECP-violations are extractions of an adjunct out of an [[island]], as in (i) (containing a ''wh''-island) and configurations displaying the [[that-trace effect]] in English, as in (ii). In both cases, the trace cannot be properly [[antecedent-govern]]ed because of the intervention of a [[barrier]].
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(i)  * how<sub>i</sub> did John ask [ whether Bill fixed the car t<sub>i</sub> ]
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(ii) * who<sub>i</sub> does John believe [ that t<sub>i</sub> will fix the car ]
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=== Link ===
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[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Empty+Category+Principle&lemmacode=774 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
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=== References ===
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* Chomsky, N. 1986b. ''Barriers,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
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* Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht.
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* Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1992. ''Move alpha: conditions on its application and output,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
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* Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1984. ''On the nature of proper government,'' Linguistic Inquiry 15, pp. 235-289
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* Rizzi, L. 1990. ''Relativized Minimality,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
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===Other languages===
 
===Other languages===
*German [[ECP (de)]]
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*German [[Leerkategorienprinzip]]
  
[[Category:En]]
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[[Category:Syntax]]
 
[[Category:Translate]]
 
[[Category:Translate]]

Latest revision as of 16:48, 13 February 2009

Empty Category Principle (brief: ECP) is a principle which requires that empty categories be properly governed. It is assumed that the ECP does not hold of all empty categories: it holds for A- and A'-bound traces (i.e. NP-traces and variables), but not for pronominal empty categories like pro and PRO.

Well-known examples of ECP-violations are extractions of an adjunct out of an island, as in (i) (containing a wh-island) and configurations displaying the that-trace effect in English, as in (ii). In both cases, the trace cannot be properly antecedent-governed because of the intervention of a barrier.

(i)  * howi did John ask [ whether Bill fixed the car ti ]
(ii) * whoi does John believe [ that ti will fix the car ]

Link

Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

References

  • Chomsky, N. 1986b. Barriers, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding, Foris, Dordrecht.
  • Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1992. Move alpha: conditions on its application and output, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
  • Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1984. On the nature of proper government, Linguistic Inquiry 15, pp. 235-289
  • Rizzi, L. 1990. Relativized Minimality, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.


Other languages