Difference between revisions of "Converb"

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(New page: A '''converb''' is a non-finite verb form that serves to express adverbial subordination, i.e. notions like 'when', 'because', 'after', 'while'. === Examples === (1) Russian (We...)
 
 
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A '''converb''' is a non-finite verb form that serves to express [[adverbial]] [[subordination]], i.e. notions like 'when', 'because', 'after', 'while'.
 
A '''converb''' is a non-finite verb form that serves to express [[adverbial]] [[subordination]], i.e. notions like 'when', 'because', 'after', 'while'.
  
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=== Synonyms ===
 
=== Synonyms ===
  
* Russian [[deepricastie]]: This term does not have an exact English equivalent. In Nedjalkov (1995), converb was used as the English equivalent of deepricastie (cf. Nedjalkov 1990), but in English-language Slavic linguistic, converb is never used to render deepricastie. Also, some Russian linguists have started using this the term konverb.
+
* Russian [[deepricastie]]: This term does not have an exact English equivalent. In [[Vladimir P. Nedjalkov|Nedjalkov]] (1995), converb was used as the English equivalent of deepricastie (cf. Nedjalkov 1990), but in English-language Slavic linguistic, converb is never used to render deepricastie. Also, some Russian linguists have started using this the term konverb.
 
* [[gerund]]: This is the most widely found alternative term for converb, especially in Romance, Turkic and other Eurasian languages.
 
* [[gerund]]: This is the most widely found alternative term for converb, especially in Romance, Turkic and other Eurasian languages.
 
* [[gerundive (2)]]
 
* [[gerundive (2)]]
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=== References ===
 
=== References ===
 
+
*Bickel, B. 1998. ‘Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective’ [Review article on Haspelmath & König (eds.) 1995.]
 +
''Linguistic Typology'' 2. 381-397.
 +
*Haspelmath, Martin. 1995. ‘The converb as a cross-linguistically valid category’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König
 +
(eds.), Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective . 1-55. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
 +
*Haspelmath, M. 1999. ‘Converbs’. In Brown K. & J. Miller (eds.), Concise encyclopedia of grammatical
 +
categories . 110-115. Oxford : Elsevier.
 +
*König, E. 1995. ‘The meaning of converb constructions’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König (eds.), Converbs in
 +
cross-linguistic perspective . 57-96. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
 
*Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 1990. "Osnovnye tipy deepricastij." In: Xrakovskij, Viktor S. (ed.) ''Tipologija i grammatika''. Moskva: Nauka, 36-59.  
 
*Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 1990. "Osnovnye tipy deepricastij." In: Xrakovskij, Viktor S. (ed.) ''Tipologija i grammatika''. Moskva: Nauka, 36-59.  
 +
*Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 1995. ‘Some typological parameters of converbs’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König (eds.), Converbs
 +
in cross-linguistic perspective . 97-136. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
 
*Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. & Nedjalkov, Igor’ V. 1987. "On the typological characteristics of converbs." In: Toomas Help (ed.) ''Symposium on language universals.'' Tallinn, 75-79.
 
*Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. & Nedjalkov, Igor’ V. 1987. "On the typological characteristics of converbs." In: Toomas Help (ed.) ''Symposium on language universals.'' Tallinn, 75-79.
 +
*Noonan, Michael. 1999. ‘Converbal constructions in Chantyal’. In Yadava, Y. & W. Glover (eds.), Topics in Nepalese
 +
linguistics . Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.
 
*Pusch, Luise. 1980. ...
 
*Pusch, Luise. 1980. ...
 +
*Tikkanen, Bertil. 2001. ‘Converbs’. In Haspelmath, M., E. König, W. Österreicher & W. Raible (eds.). ''Language
 +
typology and language universals''. Volume 2 . 1112-1123. Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter
 +
*van der Auwera, J. 1998. ‘Defining converbs’. In Kulikov, L. & H. Vater (eds.), ''Typology of the verbal
 +
categories: Papers presented to Vladimir Nedjalkov on the occasion of his 70th birthday'' . 273-282. Tübingen:
 +
Max Niemeyer Verlag.
 +
*Ylikoski, J. 2003. ‘Defining non-finites: action nominals, converbs and infinitives’. ''SKY Journal of Linguistics'' 16. 185-237.
 
*Weiss, Daniel. 1995. "Russian converbs: a typological outline." In: Haspelmath, Martin & König, Ekkehard (eds.) 1995. ''Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective.'' Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 239-282.
 
*Weiss, Daniel. 1995. "Russian converbs: a typological outline." In: Haspelmath, Martin & König, Ekkehard (eds.) 1995. ''Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective.'' Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 239-282.
  

Latest revision as of 23:17, 7 August 2009

A converb is a non-finite verb form that serves to express adverbial subordination, i.e. notions like 'when', 'because', 'after', 'while'.

Examples

(1) Russian (Weiss 1995:259)

Okonchiv desjatiletku, ja osen'ju byl prizvan v Armiju.

'Having finished ten years of school, in autumn I was drafted into the Army.'

(2) Italian (Pusch 1980:107)

C'è una donna che guadagna danaro accompagnando nuovi membri.

'There's a woman who earns money by accompanying new members.'

Comments

The notion adverbial in the definition is relatively vague. Adverbial subordinate clause primarily contrasts with relative clause and complement clause. Non-finite verb forms that serve to express relative clauses are often called participle, and non-finite verb forms that serve to express complement clauses are often called infinitive, masdar or nominalization. The notion "non-finite" in the definition is problematic and arguably Indo-European-centered.

Subtypes

narrative vs. specialized converb (Nedjalkov 1995)

Polysemy

None.

Synonyms

Origin

The term converb was coined by Ramstedt (1903:55) for Mongolian and until recently was mostly used by specialists of Mongolic and Turkic languages. Nedjalkov & Nedjalkov (1987) first adopted the term for general typological use, followed by Haspelmath & König (1995).

References

  • Bickel, B. 1998. ‘Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective’ [Review article on Haspelmath & König (eds.) 1995.]

Linguistic Typology 2. 381-397.

  • Haspelmath, Martin. 1995. ‘The converb as a cross-linguistically valid category’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König

(eds.), Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective . 1-55. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

  • Haspelmath, M. 1999. ‘Converbs’. In Brown K. & J. Miller (eds.), Concise encyclopedia of grammatical

categories . 110-115. Oxford : Elsevier.

  • König, E. 1995. ‘The meaning of converb constructions’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König (eds.), Converbs in

cross-linguistic perspective . 57-96. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

  • Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 1990. "Osnovnye tipy deepricastij." In: Xrakovskij, Viktor S. (ed.) Tipologija i grammatika. Moskva: Nauka, 36-59.
  • Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. 1995. ‘Some typological parameters of converbs’. In Haspelmath, M. & E. König (eds.), Converbs

in cross-linguistic perspective . 97-136. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

  • Nedjalkov, Vladimir P. & Nedjalkov, Igor’ V. 1987. "On the typological characteristics of converbs." In: Toomas Help (ed.) Symposium on language universals. Tallinn, 75-79.
  • Noonan, Michael. 1999. ‘Converbal constructions in Chantyal’. In Yadava, Y. & W. Glover (eds.), Topics in Nepalese

linguistics . Kathmandu: Royal Nepal Academy.

  • Pusch, Luise. 1980. ...
  • Tikkanen, Bertil. 2001. ‘Converbs’. In Haspelmath, M., E. König, W. Österreicher & W. Raible (eds.). Language

typology and language universals. Volume 2 . 1112-1123. Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter

  • van der Auwera, J. 1998. ‘Defining converbs’. In Kulikov, L. & H. Vater (eds.), Typology of the verbal

categories: Papers presented to Vladimir Nedjalkov on the occasion of his 70th birthday . 273-282. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.

  • Ylikoski, J. 2003. ‘Defining non-finites: action nominals, converbs and infinitives’. SKY Journal of Linguistics 16. 185-237.
  • Weiss, Daniel. 1995. "Russian converbs: a typological outline." In: Haspelmath, Martin & König, Ekkehard (eds.) 1995. Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 239-282.

Other languages

German Konverb