Borrowing (i.e. loan): Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 17:08, 9 September 2009

Definition

A borrowing is a linguistic item that has been copied from another language, with the phonological and semantic properties basically remaining intact.

Subtypes

('core borrowing' and 'cultural borrowing' are known especially from Myers-Scotton's work.)

Examples

English borrowings from the 18th century

(cf. Görlach 2001)

from German: cobalt, quartz, spath, feldspar, sinter, gneiss, hornblende, nickel, meerschaum (from the lexical field of mineralogy); landau, pumpernickel, seltzer, waltz;
from Low German/Dutch: schooner, pea-jacket, caboose (all nautical); from Cape Dutch: steenbok, springbok, klipspringer, hartebeest;
from Italian: cantata, duetto, finale, soprano, viola, violoncello, adagio, crescendo (and dozens of other musical terms); colonnade, arcade, loggia, alfresco, picturesque, terra-cotta, torso (from architecture and art); influenza, malaria, extravaganza, lotto.
from Spanish: albino, domino, fandango, flotilla, jade, merino, stevedore

Literature

Glahn, Richard. 2002. Der Einfluss des Englischen auf gesprochene deutsche Gegenwartssprache. (= Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft 4, ed. by Rudolf Hoberg). Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
Görlach, Manfred. 2001. Eighteenth-Century English. Heidelberg: Winter.
Görlach, Manfred. 2002. Einführung in die englische Sprachgeschichte. Heidelberg: Winter.
Grzega, Joachim. 2003. 'Borrowing as a Word-Finding Process in Cognitive Historical Onomasiology', Onomasiology Online 4: 22-42.
Riehl, Claudia Maria. 2004. Sprachkontaktforschung. Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr.
Thomason, S.G. and T. Kaufman. 1988. Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Thomason, S.G. 2001. Language Contact: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Winford, D. 2003. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. London: Blackwell.

Other languages

Chinese 外来词
German Entlehnung (d.h. Lehnwort)

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 A '''borrowing''' is a linguistic item that has been copied from another language, with the phonological and semantic properties basically remaining intact.
-Specific types of borrowings are commonly distinguished:
+===Subtypes===
+* [[core borrowing]]
+* [[cultural borrowing]]
 * [[internal borrowing]]
+* [[nonce borrowing]]
 * [[reborrowing]]
-* [[nonce borrowing]]
+('core borrowing' and 'cultural borrowing' are known especially from Myers-Scotton's work.)
+==Examples==
+===English borrowings from the 18th century===
+(cf. Görlach 2001)
+* from German: ''cobalt'', ''quartz'', ''spath'', ''feldspar'', ''sinter'', ''gneiss'', ''hornblende'', ''nickel'', ''meerschaum'' (from the lexical field of mineralogy); ''landau'', ''pumpernickel'', ''seltzer'', ''waltz'';
+* from Low German/Dutch: ''schooner'', ''pea-jacket'', ''caboose'' (all nautical); from Cape Dutch: ''steenbok'', ''springbok'', ''klipspringer'', ''hartebeest'';
+* from Italian: ''cantata'', ''duetto'', ''finale'', ''soprano'', ''viola'', ''violoncello'', ''adagio'', ''crescendo'' (and dozens of other musical terms); ''colonnade'', ''arcade'', ''loggia'', ''alfresco'', ''picturesque'', ''terra-cotta'', ''torso'' (from architecture and art); ''influenza'', ''malaria'', ''extravaganza'', ''lotto''.
+* from Spanish: ''albino'', ''domino'', ''fandango'', ''flotilla'', ''jade'', ''merino'', ''stevedore''
+==Literature==
+* Glahn, Richard. 2002. ''Der Einfluss des Englischen auf gesprochene deutsche Gegenwartssprache''. (= Angewandte Sprachwissenschaft 4, ed. by Rudolf Hoberg). Frankfurt am Main: Lang.
+* Görlach, Manfred. 2001. ''Eighteenth-Century English''. Heidelberg: Winter.
+* Görlach, Manfred. 2002. ''Einführung in die englische Sprachgeschichte''. Heidelberg: Winter.
+* Grzega, Joachim. 2003. 'Borrowing as a Word-Finding Process in Cognitive Historical Onomasiology', ''Onomasiology Online'' 4: 22-42.
+* Riehl, Claudia Maria. 2004. ''Sprachkontaktforschung. Eine Einführung''. Tübingen: Narr.
+* Thomason, S.G. and T. Kaufman. 1988. ''Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics''. Berkeley: University of California Press.
+* Thomason, S.G. 2001. ''Language Contact: An Introduction''. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
+* Winford, D. 2003. ''An Introduction to Contact Linguistics''. London: Blackwell.
 ==See also==
-* [[loan]].
+* [[borrowing]] (disambiguation page)
+* [[borrowing (i.e. copying)]]
+* [[borrowing (i.e. adoption)]]
+* [[loan]]
+==Other languages==
+* Chinese [[外来词]]
+* German [[Entlehnung (d.h. Lehnwort)]]
-{{stub}}
+{{dc}}
+[[Category:Contact-induced change]]