Perturbation theory - Revision history

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The '''perturbation theory''' is a model of the acoustic consequences of [[vocal tract]] [[constriction]]s.

The perturbation theory (Chiba & Kajiyama 1941) relates vocal tract constrictions to [[formant frequencies]] by taking into account the kinetic energy present at points of maximum velocity and the potential energy present at points of maximum pressure. If the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high kinetic energy (velocity maximum), air particle movement is impeded, and consequently the frequency of the movement decreases. On the other hand, if the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high potential energy (pressure maximum), air particle movement is enhanced, and consequently the frequency of the movement increases. These efffects can be summarised as follows:

# Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum velocity lowers the formant frequency.
# Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum pressure raises the formant frequency.

=== Links ===

[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Perturbation+theory&lemmacode=1549 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]

=== References ===

* Chiba, T. & Kajiyama, M. 1941. ''The Vowel: its nature and structure,'' Kaiseikan, Tokyo.

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[[Category:Phonetics]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The '''perturbation theory''' is a model of the acoustic consequences of [[vocal tract]] [[constriction]]s.
-The [[perturbation]] theory (Chiba &amp; Kajiyama 1941) relates vocal tract constrictions to [[formant frequencies]] by taking into account the kinetic energy present at points of maximum [[velocity]] and the potential energy present at points of maximum [[pressure]]. If the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high kinetic energy (velocity maximum), air particle movement is impeded, and consequently the frequency of the movement decreases. On the other hand, if the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high potential energy (pressure maximum), air particle movement is enhanced, and consequently the frequency of the movement increases. These efffects can be summarised as follows:
+The [[perturbation]] theory (Chiba &amp; Kajiyama 1941) relates vocal tract constrictions to [[formant]] [[frequency|frequencies]] by taking into account the kinetic energy present at points of maximum [[velocity]] and the potential energy present at points of maximum [[pressure]]. If the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high kinetic energy (velocity maximum), air particle movement is impeded, and consequently the frequency of the movement decreases. On the other hand, if the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high potential energy (pressure maximum), air particle movement is enhanced, and consequently the frequency of the movement increases. These efffects can be summarised as follows:
 # Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum velocity lowers the formant frequency.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 The '''perturbation theory''' is a model of the acoustic consequences of [[vocal tract]] [[constriction]]s.
-The perturbation theory (Chiba &amp; Kajiyama 1941) relates vocal tract constrictions to [[formant frequencies]] by taking into account the kinetic energy present at points of maximum velocity and the potential energy present at points of maximum pressure. If the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high kinetic energy (velocity maximum), air particle movement is impeded, and consequently the frequency of the movement decreases. On the other hand, if the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high potential energy (pressure maximum), air particle movement is enhanced, and consequently the frequency of the movement increases. These efffects can be summarised as follows:
+The [[perturbation]] theory (Chiba &amp; Kajiyama 1941) relates vocal tract constrictions to [[formant frequencies]] by taking into account the kinetic energy present at points of maximum [[velocity]] and the potential energy present at points of maximum [[pressure]]. If the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high kinetic energy (velocity maximum), air particle movement is impeded, and consequently the frequency of the movement decreases. On the other hand, if the vocal tract is constricted at a point of high potential energy (pressure maximum), air particle movement is enhanced, and consequently the frequency of the movement increases. These efffects can be summarised as follows:
 # Constriction of the vocal tract near a point of maximum velocity lowers the formant frequency.