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	<id>http://glottopedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Mutation</id>
	<title>Mutation - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://glottopedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Mutation"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Mutation&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-11-13T03:02:00Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.45.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Mutation&amp;diff=8023&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wohlgemuth: sodele</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Mutation&amp;diff=8023&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-17T19:32:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;sodele&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:32, 17 February 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{stub}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a process by which a new [[word]] is formed without [[affixation]], but simply by a change of the initial consonant of the base.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a process by which a new [[word]] is formed without [[affixation]], but simply by a change of the initial consonant of the base.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 12:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;       &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	&amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;			&amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;       &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	&amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;			&amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;       (C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = palatalized C, C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = aspirated C)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;       (C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = palatalized C, C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = aspirated C)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{IPA missing|expl. above}}&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Links ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== Links ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wohlgemuth</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Mutation&amp;diff=8022&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Wohlgemuth: utrecht</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://glottopedia.org/index.php?title=Mutation&amp;diff=8022&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-02-17T19:31:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;utrecht&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Mutation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; is a process by which a new [[word]] is formed without [[affixation]], but simply by a change of the initial consonant of the base.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Example ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
in the Siberian language Nivkh (or Gilyak) nouns can be derived from verbs simply by changing the initial consonant (see (i)), and likewise transitive and intransitive verbs are often related solely by mutation (see (ii)):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 (i)  &amp;#039;&amp;#039;v&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ut&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;id&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 	&amp;#039;sweep&amp;#039;			&amp;#039;&amp;#039;p&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ut&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;is	  &amp;#039;broom&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
      &amp;#039;&amp;#039;f&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ad&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	 &amp;#039;put on knee-piece&amp;#039;	&amp;#039;&amp;#039;p&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;ad&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	  &amp;#039;knee-piece&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
 (ii) &amp;#039;&amp;#039;g&amp;#039;&amp;#039;esqod&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	&amp;#039;burn NP&amp;#039;		&amp;#039;&amp;#039;k&amp;#039;&amp;#039;esqod&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;  &amp;#039;burn oneself&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
      &amp;#039;&amp;#039;z&amp;#039;&amp;#039;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;	&amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;			&amp;#039;&amp;#039;t&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;od&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;   &amp;#039;bend&amp;#039;&lt;br /&gt;
      (C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;y&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = palatalized C, C&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; = aspirated C)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Links ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Mutation&amp;amp;lemmacode=574 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== References ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Spencer, A. 1991. &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Morphological Theory,&amp;#039;&amp;#039; Blackwell, Oxford.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{dc}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Phonology]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Morphology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Wohlgemuth</name></author>
	</entry>
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