Theme and rheme

Theme and rheme are terms used widely by 20th century European structuralists for topic and focus.

Origin
The term pair was made widely known by the work of Vilém Mathesius and others in the Prague School, in the first systematic attempt of studying information structure (called functional sentence perspective in the Prague School).

However, it was not coined by Mathesius, but by Hermann Ammann. The term pair theme and rheme first appears in Ammann (1928:3), where the author points out that this terminology was foreshadowed in Ammann (1911/1912).

At the time, the best-known term pair for topic and focus was psychological subject and psychological predicate.

Other languages
German Thema und Rhema French thème et rhème