Componential analysis

In semantics, componential analysis is the idea that the meaning of words can be analyzed as construed from basic semantic primitives (features or markers).

Examples
Two famous examples of componential analysis are informally paraphrased in (i) and (ii):

(i)  x kill y = x cause y to be not alive

(ii) x is a bachelor = x is an unmarried man

Comment
Componential analysis is typical of the so-called Katz-Fodor-semantics, Generative Semantics, and Jackendoff's Conceptual Structure.

Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics