Participle

Definition
A participle is a non-finite form of a verb, generally with adjectival external syntax and verbal internal syntax.

Examples
In English, one distinguishes the present participle writing in (i), the participle of the perfect tense written in (ii), and the passive participle written in (iii):

(i)   John is writing a book (ii)  John has written a book (iii) This book was been written by John

These forms are mostly used as periphrasis forms for tense-aspect and voice periphrases.

Comments
In Germanic and Romance languages participles sometimes show agreement inflection, as shown in (iv) by the passive participle écrites :

(iv)  Cettes lettres ont été écrites par Marie Those letters[Pl,F] have been written[Pl,F] by Marie

Links

 * Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

Other languages

 * German Partizip