Inheritance

Inheritance is a process in which a category 'inherits' some feature of a lower category.

Morphology
the phenomenon that a category can inherit (part of) the argument structure of the category from which it is derived.

Example
the noun driver is said to inherit the internal argument of the verb drive from which it is derived, cf. Rochelle drives trucks / Rochelle is a driver of trucks, where trucks is the internal argument.

Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

Syntax
in the Barriers theory of Chomsky (1986b) a maximal projection is said to inherit barrierhood in case the first maximal projection it dominates is a Blocking Category.