Case assignment

In syntax, case assignment is used if case is assigned to an argument by a head, in particular a verb or a preposition, or by INFL (see structural case).

Comments
Such a head is called a case-assigner. V and P assign case to their complement positions, in some languages subject to structural conditions, e.g. government and adjacency. INFL on the other hand assigns case to its specifier (the surface subject) under specifier-head agreement; if INFL is +Tense, the subject is assigned Nominative Case (e.g. he), if INFL is -Tense, it assigns Null Case (the unique property of PRO).

More recently, all structural Case assignment is taken to be a matter of spec,head agreement in a different AGRP for each distinct argument (e.g. AGROP, AGRSP). In order to be assigned structural Case arguments move either overtly or covertly to an appropriate spec, AGRP position.

Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

Other languages
German Kasuszuweisung