Anomaly

Anomaly is the phenomenon that a sentence, though grammatical, is meaningless because there is an incompatibility in the meaning of the words.

Example
Colourless green ideas sleep furiously.

Here at least colourless, green, and ideas have incompatible meanings.

Comment
It is unclear whether anomaly is a linguistic phenomenon. However, grammaticality, as opposed to acceptability, is a linguistic phenomenon, which is directly applicable to many anomalous sentences.

Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics