Analysis-and-resynthesis

Analysis-and-resynthesis is an analysis programme that determines e.g. 100 times per second whether the signal is periodic or noisy and it analyses the pitch of the signal in case it is periodic, the amplitude of the sound, the formant frequencies and the formant band widths. These parameter values can be used to resynthesise speech, such that a copy of the original is obtained.

Examples
LPC and PSOLA

Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics